It is bounded by the atlantic ocean to the south and by the sahelian countries of niger and chad to the north. Vector vegetation map available in adobe illustrator, eps, pdf, png and jpg formats to download. Broadly speaking, the national vegetation over a geographical area is essentially a response to the climate in that area. Federal ministry of health, national malaria control. Biomes are described as any large natural terrestrial ecosystem. Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information. The type of any biome is largely determined by climatic factors, especially rainfall and temperature. Nigeria has six main vegetation zones namely, the mangrove swamps the fresh water. Nigerian man and biosphere research plots in guinea savanna. Farmers guide to soybean production in northern nigeria. In this paper, a costeffective means of mapping nigerian vegetation as a means of.
It is hoped to provide useful information to planners and resource managers. Adejuwon 1976 noted that there is a climatic climax vegetation in equilibrium with each regional climate, except to the extent that. The seedbed may be prepared manually with a hoe or animaldrawn implement or tractor. A 3 1department of wildlife and range management, university of agriculture, makurdi. Bala nigeria occupies a landmass of 923,768 km 2 and lies along latitudes 4 o 1 and o 9 n and longitudes 2 o 2 and 14 o 30 e. Remote sensing and vegetation mapping different methods are used for collecting land use and land cover information which can be used for vegetation mapping depending on the degree of detail required for the specific project leak and venugopal, 1990. Influence of vegetation characteristics on nutrient loss in the. Conservation of natural vegetation in nigeria environmental. As a consequence, if vegetation studies in this part of nigeria are to be implemented, both the past and recent patterns of vegetation change require close monitoring through empirical studies. While it is to be hoped that legislation will soon be introduced to facilitate protection, a comprehensive survey has recently been carried out with a view to substantially increasing the number of conservation areas in nigeria, and to make them more fully representative of the different vegetation zones of nigeria. Pdf summarya study was made of the vegetation of three plots used in the. The rainforest is the richest in biodiversity in nigeria. The climatic zones for architectural design are defined by boundaries where a change in the thermal comfort requirements should be reflected in changed building elements. Research article evaluation of vegetation types and.
Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Wellprepared land ensures good germination and reduces. Nigeria nigeria description of cropping systems, climate, and soils in nigeria by dr. Forest and coastal vegetation, with a montane region on the southeastern border in the cameroun highlands and the jos plateau in the middle belt of nigeria fdf, 1999. Its coast lies on the gulf of guinea in the south and it borders lake chad to the northeast.
Distribution of bunaji cattle in nigeria 1990 22 map 4. Mangrove forest and coastal vegetation ecological zone. Description of cropping systems, climate, and soils in nigeria by dr. Department of agriculture usda team of sarah libreausda foreign agricultural service development resources specialist, jon fripp civil engineer, chris hoag wetland plant ecologist, and dan. They are identified with the mangrove swamps located around the delta region of river niger and cross river. Nigeria final report of the land degradation neutrality. The montane zone is situated in highmountain areas. Thus, the vegetation has undergone severe destruction in the process of clearing land for the cultivation of important economic crops such as cotton, millet, maize and wheat. Defining climatic zones for architectural design in nigeria. Nigeria s vegetation belts reflect this very close link between vegetation and climate. The country is covered by three major types of vegetation which include forests, savannahs and montane land. Pdf is nigeria losing its natural vegetation and landscape. In this paper, a costeffective means of mapping nigerian vegetation as a means of monitoring the environment from a remote sensing approach is presented.
The official language is english with other notable languages being hausa, igbo, and yoruba. The northern zone of sandy soils lies in the very northern parts of the country, particularly in the sudan and sahel zones. It is comprised of 36 states with the capital in abuja. For political and administrative convenience, the state is structured into 20 local government areas lgas and four administrative zones 10. Nigeria with its major geopolitical zones and states 3 10 kebbi 5 minna kogi kaduna katsinakatsina kanokano 5 1111. Changing vegetation patterns in yobe state nigeria. Vegetation zones of nigeria drawn from vegetation of africa by white 1983 3. As humans, we tend to classify things, and so vegetation has been classified too. The study has a spatial focus on the rainforest zone of nigeria. The federal republic of nigeria welcomes the invitation to submit a forest reference emission levels. In these areas, the fresh water from rivers meets with the salt water of the sea, forming the brackish swamp. These are 1 forest zone or vegetation 2 savanna zone or vegetation 3 montane vegetation 1 the forest zone.
Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features importance of vegetation the most precious vegetation in such forests are kaya and sapel, iroko and opepe, agba and obche. This publication seeks to raise awareness of the potential impacts of nigerian bitumen development, and asks two questions. Nigerias vegetation belts reflect this very close link between vegetation and climate. Aug 01, 2019 nigeria is a western africa country bordering the atlantic ocean. Prediction of sediment yield in runoff from agricultural land in the southern guinea savanna zone of. It is characterised by abundant short grasses of 1. At the northern part of this region is fresh water swamp. Pdf nigerian man and biosphere research plots in guinea. The study evaluated the influence of vegetation characteristics on nutrient loss in vegetation. Bauchi state was created in 1976 from the north eastern state of nigeria with the population of about 4,653,066 after the creation of gombe state in 1996. Rain forest can be found benin, sapele, akure, ibadan, abeokuta, aba, etc. The logic of this is impeccable, since living vegetation reflects every nuance of climatic conditions throughout. Leaves in the guinea savannah of nigeria osuagwu, os1, ega ria2, okoh t2 and oyerinde aa3 1department of.
Furthermore, a number of compound vegetation types are mapped, which include vegetation mosaics, catenas and transitional zones. Vegetation mapping in nigeria however, has not been prosecuted regularly as should have been the case. Habitat loss usually precipitates species extinction. Defining climatic zones for architectural design in. More information, plus gis files can be downloaded from the sanbi bgis website. In many states of nigeria, relatively little natural vegetation remain untouched by human hands myers, 1989. There are 774 local government areas and 9,555 wards. Land holding rights of fulani pastoralists and its effect. The vegetation in nigeria can be grouped into three major zones. It is by far the most densely human populated zone of northern nigeria. Considered one of the most ecologically sensitive regions in the world, the niger delta mangrove forest is situated within a deltaic depositional environment. The ecological zones present in cross river state as documented by oyebo et al. Forests are areas where there is significant tree cover. Nigeria, showing principal places mentioned in the text 9 map 2.
This is grassland zone but the slopes are covered by. Nigeria currently has two broad belts of vegetation. Mangrove swamp forest salt and fresh water swamp can be found in delta and coastal areas like port harcourt, warri, uyo and calabar. The forest zone or vegetation contains mainly trees.
Nature of the nigerian economy nigeria is one of the largest geographical units in west africa and occupies a land area of 923,768 square kilometers. Zones based on natural vegetation vegetation is rarely used on its own for classifying climatic design zones but most climatic classification systems relate to it evans, 1980. Af 23 submitted by james adejuwon department of geography, obafemi awolowo university, ileife, nigeria 2006 published by the international start secretariat. This type of vegetation is limited to the coastal strip of nigeria. Tropical climates surround the equator between 23 n and 23 s 4. Vegetation and ecoclimatic zones of nigeria map 3. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Vegetation expresses and reflects environmental conditions, particularly climate. Oil extraction is the largest threat to nigeria s mangrove forests.
The study area is located in the southern part of nigeria between latitudes 40 30 n and 70 30 n. Definition of biomes large biotic communities corresponding to vegetation belts or zones are called biomes. At its simplest, vegetation can be described as the group of plants forming the plant cover of a geographic area. Vegetation zones in nigeria ecology nigerian scholars. The ministry of environment of the federal republic of nigeria. Swamp forest of the coastal belt and dry lowland rain forest.
The ecological distribution of monitor lizards reptilia. Nigeria has extensive mangrove forests in the coastal region of the niger delta. The forest zone is located in the southern part of nigeria. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad. Comprising 97 percent of nigeria s total exports, the oilrich niger delta produces up to two million barrels of crude oil a day, which has placed nigeria as the 9th oil producing country in the world. To request permission to photocopy or reprint materials, email. Week 3 vegetation of nigeria vegetation is defined as an association two or group of plants growing together in a particular habit or environment. The future of bitumen in nigeria bitumen depth determines which extraction methods can be used. The ecological zones in nigeria are based on keay 1949, and are defined from south to north as follows. Two main vegetation types are identifiable in lagos state. Annual summary of tax revenue collected in nigeria from 2000 2014 source. Bauchi state is one of the states in northern part of nigeria that spans two distinctive vegetation zones, namely the sudan savannah and the sahel savannah. One of the reasons behind this is the cost of such a project. Nigeria lies within the tropics with two main vegetation zones.
This paper attempts an inventory of forest resources in nigeria, exposes the utility. It covers an area less than two kilometers in width. Vegetation zones in nigeria the major vegetation zones are. Such extensive oil extraction has come at great environmental and social cost. Vegetation in nigeria, whether on topographical sheets or thematic maps, has generally been mapped from.
The soils in nigeria see figure 2 can broadly be categorized into four groups. Introduction to the advantages of vegetation this training was prepared by the u. This site provides some basic information on the topic. It also shares a border with the selfdeclared, but internationally unrecognized state of ambazonia in the southeast. In nigeria only the sahel zone has this type of vegetation eg north. Food security, climate variability and climate change in. A new paradigm for vegetation conservation in nigeria. Montane vegetation in nigeria mountain and plateaus vegetation is not very developed due to the reason of low average temperatures and the significant impact of animals and man. International journal of agriculture and biosciences. Vegetation map is critical for understanding biodiversity patterns through space of a country. Land degradation is a serious environmental problem across the ecological zones of nigeria. These mangrove forests serve a critical role in regional ecological and landscape composition, and support subsistence gathering practices, and. The jos plateau is one of the highest points in nigeria. Guineacongolian regional centre of endomism guineacongoliasudania regional transition zone sudanian regional centre of endomism.
Food security, climate variability and climate change in sub saharan west africa a final report submitted to assessments of impacts and adaptations to climate change aiacc, project no. This vegetation type can be found in areas such as sapele, lekki, and badagry. The map distinguishes 48 vegetation types, divided in four main vegetation groups. Evaluation of vegetation types and utilization in wildlife park of the university of agriculture makurdi, nigeria tyowua b. The swamp forests in the state are a combination of mangrove forest and coastal vegetation developed under the brackish conditions of the coastal areas and the swamp of the freshwater lagoons and estuaries. The geographical area called nigeria has a total land area of 983,2 km 2 with over 180 million people living in it. Nigeria occupies a landmass of 923,768 km 2 and lies along latitudes 4 o 1 and o 9 n and longitudes 2 o 2 and 14 o 30 e.